Defining the Problem: The Missing Piece to Local Government Planning

The traditional budget and planning process is ill-equipped to deal with the complex problems created by volatility and conflict. We show why complex problems frustrate traditional budgeting and planning, outline the principles for designing a process to define problems more deeply, and, finally, provide an illustration of a process to define problems before solutions.

• Publication date: January 2022
• Authors: Shayne Kavanagh and Andrew Walter Kleine